RTK model and positioning performance analysis using Galileo four-frequency observations

This paper proposes a real-time kinematic (RTK) model that uses one common reference satellite for the Galileo system with four frequency observations. In the proposed model, the double-differenced (DD) pseudorange and carrier phase biases among the different frequencies are estimated as unknown parameters to recover the integer features of the DD ambiguities among the different frequencies for ambiguity resolution and precise positioning. Analysis results show that the E5a, E5b, and E5 frequencies have virtually the same performance in terms of the positioning accuracy, observation residuals, and ratio values of ambiguity resolution. However, the E1 frequency performs worse than the E5a, E5b, and E5 frequencies. The RTK results for the combination of multiple frequencies are much better than those for a single-frequency observation, the coordinates’ standard deviation is improved about 20–30%, and the ambiguity fix time is improved about 10%.     

Estimating inter-system biases for tightly combined Galileo/BDS/GPS RTK

The overlapping carrier frequencies L1/E1, L5/E5a and B2/E5b from GPS/Galileo/BDS allow inter-system double-differencing of observations, which shows a clear advantage over differencing of the observations of each constellation independently. However, the inter-system biases destroy the integer nature of the inter-system double-differencing ambiguities. Two methods of direct rounding and parameter estimation are used to determine the ISB value. By analyzing data collected from Curtin University from 2015 to 2018, the phase and code inter-system bias (ISB) are related to the receiver type, firmware version and the selected overlapping frequency. Upgrade of receiver firmware version results in changes of ISB values. For example, the upgrade of Javad firmware in Dec, 15, 2017 causes the difference of 0.5 cycles ISB between BDS GEO and non-GEO satellites. By comparing the three dynamic models which include white noise process, random walk process, and random constant in the parameter estimation method, the ISB determined by the random constant model is consistent with the value obtained by the direct rounding method. After the calibration of ISBs, the performances of tightly combined positioning are assessed. The success rate of ambiguity resolution and accuracy of positioning for the tight combination (TC) are significantly improved in comparison with that for the loose combination (LC) over short baselines. For L5/E5a, on which only few satellites can be observed, the maximum increase in success rates of ambiguity resolution can reach 31.7%, i.e., from 54.9% of LC to larger than 86.6% of TC, and the positioning accuracies can even be increased by 0.13 m, i.e., from 0.208 of LC to 0.074 m of TC in East direction for the mix-receiver TRIMBLE NETR9-SEPT POLARX4 in 2018.     

机载托架自动校准系统的设计与实现

为了解决机载托架传统校准方法精度低、耗时、费力等问题,设计了一种高精度、高效率并且操作简单的成品托架自动校准系统。该系统运用调平精度较高的"循环多次"最高点不动调平方法,建立高精度机载托架校准的静力学数学模型,运用VC与Matlab的COM接口编程技术开发机载托架自动校准系统,并建立良好的人机交互界面。试验结果表明,利用该方法对机载托架进行校准,无论是校准精度还是校准效率都较传统方法有很大提高。     

基于改进粒子群优化模糊控制的MPPT算法研究

在光照强度和温度变化时,常规的最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)算法难以快速准确地跟踪光伏系统最大功率点。针对此问题,设计了一种改进粒子群优化算法(PSO)的模糊控制器。首先,依据常规MPPT特性,设计了一种带调整因子的模糊控制算法以快速收敛到最大功率点；然后,采用参数自适应PSO对设计的模糊控制器调整因子进行动态优化。仿真结果表明:所设计的参数自适应PSO优化模糊控制器能快速准确地跟踪最大功率点,保证了MPPT的动态响应速度和稳态精度,提高了光伏系统的工作效率。     

椭圆轨道卫星对地全球覆盖电推进控制

针对椭圆轨道卫星近/远地点的星下点对全球或特定纬度区域的访问问题，提出一种连续小推力下的对地覆盖控制策略。首先，推导了自然摄动对卫星拱线变化的影响，并探讨了进行小推力覆盖控制的必要性。然后，针对燃料消耗的优化问题，将控制方程展开成含傅里叶级数的形式，用以获得便于星上计算的解析形式的次优解，同时探讨了截取阶数与优化程度的关系。在进行拱线控制的同时，通过合理设置约束，对椭圆轨道的近地点高度进行保护，确保卫星安全运行。仿真结果表明，提出的方法能够以适当的燃料消耗代价实现椭圆轨道的近/远地点的全球覆盖控制或特定纬度区域的反复推扫，且控制力在可接受的范围内。     

基于点云数据的发动机管路最小间距计算方案

为检测整机发动机管路是否满足最小间距的设计要求,提出了一种基于点云数据的发动机管路最小间距计算方案,方案包含5个步骤:①从点云数据中划分出不同管路的数据;②基于管路点云数据的空间分布构造等间隔栅格,计算栅格中心点作为管路的趋势线数据;③在管路各趋势线数据点位置上构造垂直平面,将管路点云数据投影到最近的垂直平面上,获得各个垂直平面上呈圆弧状分布的投影点数据;④对各垂直平面上的投影点数据进行最小二乘圆拟合,得到拟合圆圆心及其半径值,将拟合圆圆心作为管路中心线数据;⑤采用遍历法计算两条管路中心线数据的最小间距,中心线最小间距分别减去两条管路的半径值则得到两条管路的表面最小间距。通过12条管路验证了方案的准确度。实验结果表明:管路最小间距偏差在-0.35~0.46mm之间,管路半径偏差在-0.08~0.22mm之间。该方案的实施有助于管路间距数字化检测的实现,且方案的计算结果具有较好的鲁棒性。      

微分法在定位误差分析与计算中的应用

介绍了微分法分析计算定位误差的原理和适用范围,通过生产实例分析,证明了该方法在解决多误差因素定位误差分析与计算中的简便与快捷,从而有效简化了复杂定位方案定位误差的分析与计算,提高了夹具的设计效率。     

Carrier phase prediction method for GNSS precise positioning in challenging environment

Since the signals of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) are blocked frequently in challenging environments, the discontinuous carrier phases seriously affect the application of GNSS precise positioning. To improve the carrier phase continuity, this paper proposes a carrier phase prediction method based on carrier open-loop tracking. In the open-loop tracking mode, the carrier numerically controlled oscillator (NCO) is controlled by the predicted Doppler, but not by the loop filter output. To improve the phase prediction effective time, accurate receiver clock drift estimation is studied in the prediction method. The phase prediction performance is tested on GNSS software receiver. In the phase prediction effective time tests, open-loop processes were set for the tested channel. The test results show that, when some satellite signals are blocked in 15?s, the probability of carrier phase error less than quarter cycles is more than 94%. In the real time kinematic (RTK) positioning tests, some satellite signals are blocked in 10–15?s repeatedly. The test results show that, the carrier phase continuity is basically not affected by the signal interruption, and the RTK can almost keep continuous centimeter-level positioning accuracy without re-fixing the integer ambiguity.     

小卫星侦察星座性能评估研究

针对小卫星侦察星座性能评估问题，从覆盖、成本和弹性三方面对小卫星侦察星座的性能指标进行研究，分别构建了考虑存储容量约束的覆盖能力评估模型、成本估计模型以及弹性能力评估模型。在覆盖能力评估模型中，将卫星存储容量作为约束条件，结合卫星覆盖几何模型分析了卫星对地侦察的工作条件，提出考虑存储容量的覆盖指标计算方法；通过小卫星成本模型(small satellite cost model,SSCM)对星座各分系统的成本进行估计；在弹性评估模型中，提出了星座性能损失率指标，并根据星座失效状态概率函数确定了不同失效状态下星座性能损失率的权重。将上述模型应用于SkySat和吉林一号星座的性能评估过程中，结果表明SkySat比吉林一号覆盖能力强、成本低，弹性差。提出的三个模型可用于评价星座优劣，为小卫星侦察星座的建设和性能评估工作提供参考。     

考虑局部遮挡的太阳能无人机能源控制

针对太阳能无人机在飞行状态下可能出现的太阳能电池局部遮挡情况，开展相应的太阳能电池最大功率点追踪算法和能源控制研究。通过将发光亮度引入相对吸引力计算过程对萤火虫算法进行改进，实现了局部阴影情况下太阳能电池最大功率点的高效追踪。以此为基础，设计了考虑局部遮挡情况下太阳能无人机的太阳能电池/蓄电池混合能源状态机控制规则。以"蒲公英I"无人机为例，建立了太阳能电池阵列模型，开展了考虑局部遮挡情况下太阳能电池最大功率点追踪仿真实验；基于"蒲公英I"飞行剖面，开展了考虑局部遮挡情况的混合能源控制仿真试验。研究结果表明：改进的萤火虫算法可以实现在局部阴影情况下太阳能电池最大功率点的有效跟踪，与萤火虫算法相比收敛时间更短、且功率波动幅度更小；采用改进萤火虫算法和状态机能源管理策略，在考虑局部遮挡的飞行状态下可以实现太阳能电池/蓄电池之间的合理功率分配与控制。